Dissertation

Date : Jan 2019 - Jan 2021

<div><p>Clove is also known as Syzygium aromaticum, it is a dried flower belong to the Myrtaceae family which is found in the Maluku Islands located in Indonesia but now easily cultivated in different places throughout the world. Clove can relieve from stomach pain. Its mixture is very easy to prepare in a cup of tea with some water, then after some it can be used up. This mixture is famous to relieve from nausea and vomiting. clove is a spice which is considered very potential as a preservative in many foods, in the processing of meat and due to their antioxidant and antimicrobial features to replace chemical preservatives. H. pylori is a micro-aerophillic, spiral rod shaped Gram negative bacteria. It has a higher infection rate in developing countries. H. pylori infection causes the following chronic diseases. e.g peptic stomach ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric. H. pylori causes 85% or more than 85% Gastric cancer.. Typhoid fever cases are spreading rapidly due to antibiotic resistant strains of S. typhi. It is a global burden in field of medicine. The extensive drug resistant S. typhi is spreading in Pakistan due to the misuse of antibiotics. a total of 50 blood samples were collected from typhoid patients and 50 saliva samples were collected from patients suffering from gastric problems, from medical units of different hospitals i.e. Abasyn hospital dabgari garden &amp; Habib medical complex dabgari garden, Peshawar. Nutrient agar, salmonella and shigella Agar and Colombia blood agar were used for isolation and maintenance of S. typhi and H. pylori respectively. They were processed according to the standard procedures i.e. Gram staining and Biochemical tests. a total 5 (10%) samples were found positive for H. pylori and 45 (90%) samples were found negative for the growth of H. pylori. The S. aromaticum powder was dissolved in chloroform, Ethyl Acetate and n-Hexane. Phytochemical screening performed by protocol to determine the presence of different phytochemical constituents in plant extracts. The results showed that Tannin, flavonoids and saponins are present in S. aromaticum extracts while steroid and benedict are absent in the extract. The antibacterial activity was performed against, S. typhi and H. pylori All the fractions of the extract of S. aromaticum had greater activity at 100µl concentration against S. typhi Ethyl acetate showed maximum zone of inhibition (20mm), followed by n-hexane (18mm), and chloroform (18mm). Describes that all the fractions of the extract of S. aromaticum have no good activity against H. pylori Ethyl acetate showed low zone of inhibition (14mm), remaining two fraction n-hexane and chloroform were not showed activity</p></div>